Baking oven



Oct. 27, 1931. Q REESE 1,829,670

BAKI NG OVEN Filed May 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet l F 2, INVENTOR L. C. REESE Oct. 27, 1931.

BAKINGOVEN Filed May 2, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 L. C. REESE Oct. 27, 1931.

BAKING OVEN Filed May 2, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VEN TOR n 3 ri 3 s 4 3 M W WWW 7 7 FL W WI- 6 |..J l 4 J W Thu/W M 1 Y 4 fibr n. W 7 7 6 Oct. 27, 1931. L. c; REESE 1,829,670

BAKING OVEN Filed May 2, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 wN 35 g m& mu u H M m 1 2r W W ENEQE 1% MMMM 1J.-.w 13".- f 4 4 qqdd q wd qd \EW 0 o o o 3 m9 w Q2 m5 5 2 Q9 2 Patented Oct. 2 ,1931

, LOUIS enemas REESE. or SAGINAW, inhuman. FASSIGYNQBYJ TO mime ".PERKINs f *coMr ANY, noo roR m-sn' qorfs'n'emAw, MICHIGAN, yeoitr'oaimion on NEW IYORK Era-Knee OVEN v g ap eas meamaye, i'eso. "Seria1 'No.-'449;199. I

Thisfinvention relatesitoimprovements in baking ovens, :in which artiiiles or materials 1 Ghana kind are baked, dried ior otherwise heat=treated by continuouslywithdrawing from the bakihgichamber containing-them a portion ofitslatmosphereyreheating the with drawn "portion, and "then returning .the reheated. gases to the baking chamber, and refers particularly to 'the kind of oven de-' .1 scnibedsin the'aUnited State'slPatent N0. 1,54 4,-

481,;granted 't0merQnaJuneSO,1925i 7 lThe nbje'ct ofxmy. invention .is to. render-the baking *ori isimilar opieration considerably mores-effective and economical than was ;p0s;- r sihlef hitherto and .to accelerate the same; 1

iiFor obtaining'"this object, arrange the I ba'liing echaIIiber longitudinally in the oven, Withdraw continuously a "portion of :thewgaseous contents of-th'ebaking chamber by means 9 of 1 a tan or other circulating means through outlets provided in the bakingiohamber and connected; to the'inlet of the fan or :the like insucliaanianner as=to produce an even:withdrawals'from all' points' dfthe baking chamber.

Elie ifan or the like J :forces then the Withdrawn-gases through areheater, for instance a superheater, heat; exchanger or similar apparatus, where. they are-heated to the "temperature necessaryfor baking'the articles Within the baking. chamber. The :reheated gases; are then ledithrough a suitahle systern of pipes to separate stationary .heatdistributors, so arrangedfwithin the baking chamber. and so adapted: as l to spreadEthe-reheatedigases directly and evenl-yall over the exposed surfacesofthe articles being baked.-

" 't eretoztherreheater.

. Eor, fully explaining my invention. :1 do

scribeiinsthe following bj wayzof example its application to breadbaking' ovensrillustrated in the accompanying -'-.dra'wings, in "which Fig} 1 vis :a vertical: longitudinal :section through the midst ofxan intermittently work 'ing oven,-1in :which (the: goods. to be bakedare supportedlon a drawplate;

Fig. 2*is a-transverserseetion on line 2*2 Fig. 3 is a plan ofthe interior of the'oven 1 mp showirigithe anrangementaof theizvarious devices and channels used in circulating,;pre

V heatingaandlfinally :reheatingthegases;

Fig. .4--is a- :section online of Fig. :1 showing the means to? introduce steam or the-like directlyinto the-bakingchamber;

showing :the? out1et':forthe surplus gases :in

the top o'flthe door opening of the'oven, while Fig. 6 shows an} outlet for the-same gases in a side allof thelbakingchamber; f .Eig. =7;;is plan of a"partition platearlrjmgedbel'ow the ceiling-of the ba-liing cham- .Fig. .8 is :a plan of a:1p1urality' of chambers.:formed bene ath the ceiling-'ofnthe bak ing chamber byemployingits supports;

'Eig.; 9:=is (a vertical cross seetion'on line -9'9,;.ofF-ig;8; Q

A g.- 1O is a plannview of a unit-of-a multiple =heat distributor as shown ,in 'Fig. -11, the distributing plate having been removed therefrom; Fig. T11 is a. cross section of 2a pair-ofsuch unitsionE1ine"11 l'1 of Fig. .-1Q,

--.-Fig. T12 a frontwiew 0f the same,.aud- Fig.

-1"3 a'sectionon line 13-43 of Eig'. f10, showmenty"; y I

%Fig. 14 :is 'a oross'section and Fig. ,-15' a from viefw of fa single heat distributing element, similar 'tothe unit shown in Fig. 10;; Fig. 16 is a cross iseetion .andeFi 17 a :front :ViGW of a sing'l'e Eheat distributing iele- -ing the airinerside;oftheback =plate tof an=ele i'nen't,in whiohitsbottom and sides-are made ofioneipieceidf a suitably our'vedi plate 1 Fig. 1 8 is;a erosss'ectionwof a multiple-heat distributor composedbf elements like "that shownlin Ei'gs "16 and;].-7;f

, Fig. 19 ,isa crosspsection and .Fig. 25 is a side view modified ar-i eview of a single heat distributing element' 'similar to, but more flat than that shownin Fig. 17 and provided with only a single equalizing tube,-

v 21' is a cross section, Fig. 22a front View andSFigJ- 23' aflplanof a simple heat spreader f V Fig. 24'is a side'view ofa bracket supporting. the partition plate and'heat dis-' 10. 1 chamber;

tributor, i in I the rangement for supporting a heat distributor located in the uppef e the baking hamber; I r Fig-26 is a I of ag-traveling tray oven, the upperrpartxof itsfl-topgheing lomittedi 3 The figure shows the arrangement of the circulating,reheating and heat-distributing ldevices preferably used in this type of oven, "'-'Fig.27 is aside'view' of. a special typejof a heat distributonarranged in or near the openings of traveling-ovens and adapted to gases onto a certain fpred'etermined area;;i l? 1 i 'Fig. 28 is across section ofFig. 27 on line Infallthe ;direct the reheated erence designate corresponding parts.

In 'the drawings 'thenumeral; i di t Y the baking chamberbffa drawplate oven, 2

1 its front wall, 3 1 its backf wall," 4 its; top, 5

its bottom, 6 and 'lZ its side walls and 8 the 7 opening, through. which articles tobe baked are introduced into and, after having" been baked, I removed from I the baking chamber 1'; -Forthis purpose-the articles are: placed on a drawplate9g the mechanism and'operation of which is well-known. 1 'gT he walls surrounding the baking chamber l-are vaporj-tight, and the ingress'and egress 0f gases can only take place during the actual baking operation through iopenings and at points especially provided for this purpose? A-nyfsuitable material: may be used for 'the construction of the oven, and an-y suitable method'ot makingathe walls of i the 1 baking chamber 'airj-tight may be employedi' In Figs "1fand 2 the walls surroundv ingf'the baking chamber *are,-made of bricks and are lined inside thesame" with suitable plates 10) preferablyfof thin metal sheeting joined a vapobtight'manner, The door 11,- covering the-opening 8, through which ,fthe' drawpla'te 9 enters and leaves the'baking chamber," is also madeair-tight', as is'usually thecase'inlthis t'ype'of oven. 1 f The front wall 2 of; the, oven top'a blowing fan 12,the casing-13 ot which is enclosed in the housing'lt. The -outlet port 15* of fan' 12'p'rotrudes-from housing 14:- and I iisi'connected .by'the-duct16' to a eoil-sha-ped superheater 17. The housing His only' open atl'its side:peintingtowards'the back 'of the longitudinal vertical section liguressimilar numerals of refcarries on its oven, and the rim'of this opening is tightly joined to thechannel 18, which extends in the top of the oven longitudinally over the middle part of the baking chamber and is preferably constructed of rather thi ninnetal sheeting. The channel 18 is connected to the baking chamberby branch tubes, through which fan 12 draws from the latter its gaseous contents. 7 r I The superheater; 17 is locatedlin a furnace 19, Figs. 1 and 3), enclosed in the backfwall f the'oven and fired by any suitable means in Fig. 1 gas burners 20 arranged underneath the superheatergl 'f are "shown; as example.

The waste gases leave the 'furnace'19 atfits top through a narrow passage 2l extendin'g' for its whole length,enter'the fflue'22 running within" the upper; :partof the back wall 3 across the Whole width ofthe bakingzzchamber 1, and' pass.attheoppositeends' ofv flue22 to flues 23 and 24 extendinglongitudinally withthrough the latterare thus preheatedpu'lhe Ina-in flue 27 na rro vvs after passingtheclosed back end of channel 18 and ends in thechimney 28 carried bythe back wall 3 of the oven. .11.

The duct '16: leading thev gases from'thefan '12 to the superheaterl'Z is providedin'ear port 15 with the"; tightly closing gate valve 29, which serves for adj ustinggthe quantity "of gases passing to the's'uperheater, and is ope'rated by rodl3 0 and handle 31.: 'Fo'rpreheat ing'the gases passing therethrough, duct '16 is placed within bend '25 and flue 5 23' f and joined to the conical tube 32 situatedwithin crossflue 22,- and then connected at itsnarrow superheater'17. 1

end with the corresponding inlet Berta-the In order togbe able} to the tion offthe atmosphere of thebaking cham her, the gases "required for this'purpose are i lntroduced into the circulating gases, preferablywhile' travelingfromthe bakingchamber'to the fan. Ina bread baking oven, in-

which the atmosphere must consist practically of steam only, it" is necessaryto makepro 'vision for-the addition of steam. :In special cases, as for baking certain cakes and biscuits an addition of air may be sometimes desired.

Means for adding these two 'gases are shown inFig. 3. =Ste'am ta'ken from any; suitable outside 'sourceiis led into the' widened. part of'channel18 near itsconnection-to the hous-r ing 1 10f fan 12 by the pip'e'34eprovided atits part protruding from the front 2 of the oven withthe control valve 35. -Inia similar way 1 arses-eve air isjiiitroduced thrciughlthe tpipe 36 dentrolled by the slide valve 37; Both pipes,

- arena 36," extend'sfromitheioven iront, where their controlling valves are situated, through the front wall 2 longitudinallywithin'fluef24 into the cross flue 22, where they are turned backward, running again within flue 24, untilthe'y are-bent sidewise :intobend 26 and pass through intervening brick vvo'rk into channel "18." In this way gases introduced into 'the circuit from outside are preheated. Under'circumstances,-espeeially when baking startsyit may be desirable to introduce steam-directlyinto the 'baking chamber. For this purpose, pipe 34-is provided, as shown in Fi'gs-. 3 and 4 at a point within cross 'flue 22'with.a ='branch pipe 38, whichruns along the side 'wall of'this'flueuntih its midst,=where 'it isturned vertically downwards, passing throughthe ceiling-39 ofthe baking chamber jclosely 'to the back wall oft-he latter to its dosedena, Thisvertical part of branch pipe 38* "is provided with two nozzles ;40' and 41,

adapted tospread the steam finelyand widely within the baking chamber. Nozzle 40 is placed inb'ranch pipe 38 below drawplate fi), and'nozzle41'ab'ovethelatter and the articles being bakedthereon. The'quantityof steam introduced into the baking chamber through Jbranch pipe 38 ris"controlled by valve-42 worked from the sidef'olf' the oven by rod 43 and-its handle; 4 The "valve provided in pipe 34-near itsentrance into =channelf18 and 'operatedfrom' the front '3'- of-the ovcnby red .45 and its handleservesto "preventstea'm from enteringinto channel 18", if 'it-is-desired to introduce it exclusively into baking chamher "1. By adjusting *both the valves 42 and 44, thefproportion of the quantities of steam entering into thechannel 18 and the baking chamber l may' becontrolled.

"The' original volume "of the-gases enclosed in the baking chamber, inthe superheater and .in the channels, ducts anddevices used for theciifliulation of the same is greatly increased'by the heat irnPartedtothem in'the superheater. Gases eniana'tinglfrom the articles beingbaked and gases introduced from outside augmentalso considerably thevolume "oftlie 'gasesin the bakingcham'ber according tQ fllfeir quantity added in this way. While heoven is heated npjthepressure of the atniosphere within the baking chamber will thereforeiise,untilthe desired baking temperaturehas'been reached, and then fluctuate in accordance with alterations of this temperature, and tothe'quantitiesofgases emanatingfroni'the articles'beinglbaked and ofthe ,gases introduced from outside. To obtain a good resultinbakingovens of this kind 'and especiallythose for baking bread, the pressfir'e bi the atmosphere within the baking chamber should be substantially equalto-that 'ofthe outside atmospherei f In ordertoanaintainthis equality of pressure, Iprovidein the=baking chamberian outletior outlets,'throughwhiclrthe surplus gases escape'intothe outside atmosphere at. a point considerably lower thantheifioorroflthe baking chamber. In "the oven shown in Fig.1, which is rather short and provided with a door closed during'the baking operation, the outlet 46 for the surplusgases :is preferably located'inthe midst of the top iofthedoor opening *8, as shown in Fig. 5, and connected toa channel 47, which ifirst runs upwards, turnsihorizontally sidewise int'oethe side wall of the oven,.leads therein. downwards'to nearly the floor, on which the oven stands, and, turning the sidewise, ends outsidethe: ovenrin the iree atmosphere. A screen 48-covers this end of channel 4? to prevent dust and dirt lrom'entering therein. For controlling :the

quantity of gases'passingthrough channel- 47,

I arrange in its'first upward portion aboveithe door a tightly closing gate valve49 worked fromthe front of-the oven byrod:50 and its handle.

Fig. 6-shows an outletfor thesurplus gases arranged in the side wall 6 of the oven :and adapted to counteract the fluctuati one 1 of the pressure within the baking chamber. This outlet-consists of the horizontal tube5l joined at its end Within the sidewa-ll6 to a channel or tube 52=descending, like channel 46 -described above, within the side wall '6 to a point suflicientlybelowthefioor oftheba'king chamber and turning thensidewise int'othe free atmosphere. "The tube 5l extends preterably into the space between the top of the articlesbeing baked-an'd-the upperrow of heat distributors indicatedby the numeralr85, and' isin thispart broadened and conical in vertical cross section, ending in a broadtip closely perforated orprovided with a-longnarrow slot for the inlet ofthe gases. This end tip is preferably placed vertically beneath the interval between twoadjacent'heat distributors or units of the same. The channel 52 is provided, like channel 46, with a gate valve 58 operatedby rod 54andhandle 55 "for regulating the quantity of gases passing therethrough and at its outside end witha screen, like 48in channel 46, for preventingdust and dirt from entering'the same. In each outlet channel lprovide an automatic flap valve .56., as shownin :Fig. 6 for channel 52, which opens when the pressureof-the gases withinithe baking chamber is higher than that cit the atmosphere outside and closes, when the pressure in the baking chamber is equahto or lowerihan the latter.

In order to-draw from the 'bakingc'hamber rality of the-same for collecting therein the gases to be reheated,-aiid connect this chain- ,ber by one 'or moreitubes with the channel'18, from which the gases are drawn by fan '12.

V ;.-In F:igs.-i1,-2 and 3, the gases are led from the baking chamber .to the channel'18 by tubes 57ml 58, the dimensions of which are ar; ranged so .that? practically equal volumes of gasesnwill pass, through each. 'At their ends protruding slightly fromthe fceiling. 39 the "tubes farekprovided with adjustable slide ;.va1ves, tube: '57 with slide'valve 59 and tube '58" with slide. valve 60."Both are worked fromthe side of-theove n, as is shown'in Fig.

2flfor'valve l59,"'WhlCl1 is operated; by rod 61 andhandle62i For forming a single'collectv1ng2chamber'63, as mentioned above, a partition plate 64: is arranged" at a short distance fromand parallel to the ceiling 39" and suspended therefrom in any convenient sway.

- For the passage oi. the gases into the collecting chamberfthe plate 64 is placed at such a dista'ncegfrom all the upright walls ofthe I baking-chamber, that the samexare evenly drawn therefrom. In the plan of: plate 64 shown in Fig;v 7', theinterstices of the plate from the walls, of the bakingchamber are in,- dicated 'by*-'numeral, 65",-and' the position in regard to' the same of tubes-'57 and 58 in {dotted line lf desired, the plate 64 may also Ibe provided with: openings SG regularlydis- I tribute-d therein and; serving I as additional v passages for the Lupward ;movement of gases intothe-colle'cting chamber.

fF-igsi 8'andj 9'ishow a simple construction ffori the iformationof a plurality of collecting cha bers,numbered as'67 to 67 in I Fi'g.-f8, by "fixing tojthe lower fiangesof the I "-vl-beamsfis .which carry the ceiling 39 on 1 their: upperflanges,partition plates 69, num- Jbered 69 lto, 69$ inaccordancewith the chainhers-formed. All these. plates, when. in posi- V tion,-'=leave amen sides" equal andsutficient intervals 70 from theside walls 6 and 7 for the. passage ofthe gases along the same. The

i .tWO' end plates tlll atthe front and 69 at I the back or thebaking chamber, are fixed with one sideto the lowerfianges of the I-beams 68 I nearest to them the opposite side of plate '69? T pointing to wardsthe tron wall '2 is cuts!) as 1 to'fo'rm two openspaces 71 for the passage of in tnetrontr'wall 2. In a similar way the] the gases andtoleavethree tongues 72 fixed plate 69 ""is cut; away to format the back wall 3 two openings 73, while its three tongues 74: 'arefiked' in 'the-back'wall '3.- For each collecting chambe'r'67 an outlet'tube 75 oifsuch dimensions, as willcorrespond to the-position, "manager the chamber',fis provided, in Fig,

8 these outlets are indicated by numerals forrtwo'oi mQ I f em-a the 1 Figs. Qshowby way oferample a'r+ rangements andl devices1,-f or, eflieientlyjidis tributin the gasescominggfromjthe super-1 heater 1 within the baking chamber -1 round the articles'beingbaked'. i Y r 7 The reheated gases leave' the superheater '17 at itsrlowerj endjthe outlet ,79 ejnteritln short distributingductfSO enclosed in back wall3 betweenthe sjupe'rheater and-theback of thebakin chambereand pass ,zirom there construction and dimensions Both fmains into the mains 811 and 82-, r (Fig. 2)) ii-equal 5- start atopposite sidesYof-duct 'andturn1,

when reaching-the side lwallslof the 0ven ,;t0

.wards the front thereon: Main 8 -1 runs in a recess 83 provided in side, wall 6 and con nected by branch pipes 84 alternately; point ingup wards and downward to alternate. elements of the upper row 85 of heat; distributors arranged ata suitable distanceabove thetop of the loaves being baked on drawplat'e Q, and to alternate elementsof the lower 'row86t of heat distributors located beneath" drawp late 9., Main 82is led-in recess 87. along the, side wall 7 and is-connected by similar alternate branch pipes88fto the opposite ends of the remaining alternate elements of the-two rows 85 -and;86 ofheat distributors, The mains 81 and 82 a re prefera blyi composedofs ections decreasing in boretowards their closediends neartheiront'of the baking chamber in siich a manner that th-e reheated through t an "P P SQ ta d: 1 't w of 'heatdistributors ;85;vandf86 under practically the same pressure 'i; v 3

The branch pipes 8 1 and 88 consist eachof two parts, an upright one issuingl from the mainrand a horizontal one connected to a single element of the;heat ldistributors, the two 5 parts of each 'piper. being 5 connectedby a suitable valve 89 regulatihgltllelflow of the hot gases from the main tofthe element and worked from the'sidev of the oven by rod 90 and handle 91. i r g 3 T The uper row tof heatidistributorsindicated' by numeral 8 5 in Fig. 1 is formed by a single multiple heat distributor coinp osedof eight separate elements, while the lower row of'heatdistributors, indicated by numeral 86, is composed offour multipledistributors, each consisting of two separate elements.

The details of the constructionof thiskindof multiple. heat distributOrislsh Wn in Figsfll) and, 13 and Fig-18. It -islobvious ithat, in-

steadrof multiple heat distributors also rows of single heat, distributors or any other type of heat distributor maybe employed with the same; result. TllBJQllQlCQ of theconstruction details and arraiifgementof"thehe'at distributors' used depends in each case on the type and to take place therein.

on the requirements ofthe: baking operation In general I prefer-aheat distit ibutor con;

e S ine, essenti l y 1 h m a b i evere size of thefovenand its bakingQchamber-and tightly with a screen, a per-forated plate,la sheet of: wirei-gauzeor-thes like, through the openings of which the reheated gasesenter into the baking chamber, andcontaining means-connected to the branch pipe leading the reheated gases into the box and adapted to Q spread. the same;evenlywthroughoutthelatter and 1 over. the underside of. thescreen. The. means-. sery1ng; thlspurpo'se, .as shown in the drawingsare equal zingrplpes, which consist ofsingle pipes orseveralzpipes'j oi-ned. toe

getl1er.-and are so constructed and arranged .a-ndprovided with openings of such a size and li ted-throughout thesame position therein that the reheated gases entering; the-box-are as-equally aspossible distribi-Thej heat distributing elements I are. ar-

' ran ged in substantially parallel rows preferlythe whole-widthof the making chamber,

ably: extending, one.- aboveand one below the articlesbeingbaked; horizontally across ne arleavingfbetween their endsgand the side wallsof the latter suflicient Esp ace for.- the movement therethrough of; the gases forming the atmos'phere; of thebakingchamber.

Themultiple; heat. distributor shown in Fig. lis formed,- .asipartlyi illustrated in Figs;

10:13", in :itsiniddle' part ofthe-required number ofiequally longand high .I beams 92, and

7 at: its endsofcorresp nding channel irons-93,

the ends ofthe I-beams and channelirons beingjoined at oneside of the'rowby a front plate 94 and atthe opposite side. by" a back plate 95. These. plates are, rigidly fixedrto the I-beams92. and channel irons, which are all parallel to each other, by cuttingawayi the web 96 of the former andQZ-ofthelatter 01233 short distance and fastening.the-remaining flat; ends of their flanges 98 in corresponding recesses- 99; prov-ided-jmthe front and back plate in alignment? with each other. Both these plat'es are. provided at top and bottom with :flanges e100 pointing outwardly from the structure,which formstherframe 'of -aznumber of pa-r'all'el separate compartments 101, each be supported .in recesses of the baking-chamher: The construction remains otherwise quite the same; and, iftthe -I-bea=ms and channel: irons use'dr therein are: ofv suflicient strength, they may beused; for supporting rail's'or other accessoriesused in the baking metal plate andfat its t'op 103: by'a sheet of,

chambeni Eachi-of the compartments-101i is covered-at its bottom 1'02 by an imperforate fwire gauze orrla suitably perforatediplate.

Theibottoni plate- 1021 and top plate 103' are fixed at theirside edges'inthemiddle part of thedistributorto corresponding flanges OfIadjacent I-beams-92 and inthe two end elements of the-distributor at one side to one of such flanges and at theopposite side to corresponding iflanges of the channel iron 93, and at their front. and back end to correspondingv flanges of the front; plate 94 and back plate 95. Any means may be employed to fix the bottom and top plates to. the frame ofthe distributor. I preferably'use for this purpose metal strips 104 and setscrewsrl05.

A'- very effective andat the same timesinn ple. and convenient. type of equalizing pipes isshown in plan inFig, 10, in which the per:- forated top plate 103 hasbeen omitted. The inlet pipe 106 is shaped like a fork'consistingofthe stem 107 and two parallel branches 108and 109, Thestem 107 is screw-threaded and "meshes with the inner threads of the openings.- inthe pro'ection 110 provided in the middlep art oft e'front plate 94 of the element, The; end of'107 protrudesoutside the latter and meshesrw-ith the screw threads provided in the-cup-like end of the branch pipe connected to the'mainreceiving the hot gases 'from'the superheater, as for instance in Fig.12 branch pipe 84 extending from main 81. The branches-108 and 109 are of equal bore and diameter and screw-threaded at their. ends and joinedby unions 1-11 to'the screw-threaded ends ofthe tubes 112-and 113, which are: closed at their opposite ends and restwith' the latteron bracket-like projectionsllt provided at the inner side of the 'back plate95. The tubes 112 and 113,.as also, if convenient and advisable, the branches108 and 109, are provided. with suitable apertures 1150f such a size'and-shapeand so arranged that the reheated gases issuing fromthe same. are evenly distributed throughout the element. Preferably the apertures -,1'15-are located at opposite sides-of the tubes 1:12 and 113 so .thatthe heating gases are I driven therefrom in" opposite. directions.

Figs. 14 -17 show single heatdistributors, in which the same kind of'equalizing pipes is used as-described in. the preceding para-. graph. I

The sides of the heat distributor, Figs; 14 and. 15,- are'" formed by two'channel irons.-116 and117, facing eachother andj oinedat their ends, sofasto f0rma3b0x, by means-of short front and back plates 118 fitting tightly into the channel ends, the top and bottom edgesof'; the former beingflush with the corresponding flanges of the latter. The. top of the element-isformediby-theperforated plate -1 19 for the like and its bottom by the imperforate plate 120, these plates being fixed to the corresponding flangesof the-channels 116' and 117' and edges of the front and back pla'te118 by-meta-l strips l21and set screws 122 similar to those mentioned before; I

- -A lighter and simplen-constructiomofthe same typeof heat distributor is shown in Figs. 16and'1'7. Insteadof arsquare box, I

rdrm'tiie dammit eel- 11a; the beet-1M The ciirvedendsof theftrong'h l23 are closed fixing them by'gset'l screws 129 011 the correspondin'gly; curved rims? of stout front and back pl-ates 1'30 smljgly fitting intothe curve tnreiof the" trough-edges and' align'ed at their frontand-1 back of the wire gauze sheet are fixedf on'to the top rinis ofitheplates byni'eans 'of'metal strips 1 31'--'and screws 1232f Fig. j-18Fs'hows a multiple heat distributor,

.i-n [whioh elements of "the type as shown in "Figs? 16' 'a nd 71 7 "are connected fto' each other 'bythe flanges 1240f the trough-plates 7 123 of; twt') acent elements on top of the flangesof steel Ts-i133' by means I "or metal strips 13 and','set sorews"135ig K 1 -Figs l 9 and "20'show the construction of a similartype of single heat; 'dis'tribntorjbnt bf much smaller ;capae-ity; The' imperferateplate'l36 forming the side and bottom of the semis Veryffiatly c'nryed; solthatthe up right! parts of, its vside have di appeared, and also" the screen 1373s flatly curved in *simv ilar way. The fiangfesil38 0f; the former and 7 side edgesf139.ofithelatter are fixed" on the inclined "legs? of angle: irons by means or ndetal strips 1 4I'and' screws i142. f "The elenient;;l1as 'onlya single equalizing) tube 143.

lhe' fen ds 0f5tl1 e{plate 1 36-are fixed at the front and back of thej element ontoffthe *Co'rres'pondingl y curved lower riinfs of the stout lates rearranged fat back'and from, or the element, by screws 145, and the "ends of the screen '137 7 onto the correspondingly curved upper, rims of plates l44eby metal strips 146 Inf all the heatdi stributors of this type all the points, where'the surfaces to be connected require"a yapor tight jeineiare; made tight by employing any suitable heat-resisting packing; Asbestos packing treated in the ns ial waynis generally sufficient "for this pl p sf T 11 "the *boX shaiJed iheat iametricadescribed above byfarthe largest-portion'of the heatcontained the reheated gases en? ering the same is transnntted :tc the" c'ooler 'atmos phere of thebaking chamber, when" the reheate'd ga'ees; leave the distributors and then 5 f mix therewith; a"-smaller,'-butfrequently not f inconsiderable portion-oftheoriginal heat or thehot gaseswill pass through the imper foratewallsrof the *heat distributors into the cooler atmosphere 's uribundin theniv the time, in which the reheated-gases travel through and thus-remain, ifonly forashort V interval, in the'interiorfofthe heat dlStIlblL- tors. This additional 1 transmission} of heat attributes greatly to the even-"heating of the atmosphere throughout-thebaking chamber and makesitipossibletoattain its proper-baking temperature by using a smaller vohime ofreheated gases colnlng from the reheater nata higher temperature, 'The' amount of heat" transferred through the; imperforate Wallsof a; heat distributor; depends greatly V @rhearefifelm surfaces of its walls-rand their adjuncts in heatconducting communication therewith, the velocity; with which :these-fgases pass'ithroiigh the iheat distributor,

andfo'nsthecapacity' of-thelatterx Figs. ema n ze show a' simpnr; butter quite-.so'efiicient meansj for distributing the reheatedfgases entering the baking chamber through an equalizing tube; It consists of a spreader plate 148 formed of; a perforated sheet'orfwire; gauze and placed on the equalizing tube 149; closed at one end and extending beyondboth ends Of'plate 148. f The latter is preferablybent'd ownwardly'at itssides and is held on tube 149 at; each end by short end plates 150, to the top rims of which the end edges of the' s'preader p'late-arefixedby screws 151, "The end plates IQOare-ProVided each intheir lnldS'bWlf/h an annular projection having an opening 152, inwhich the equalizing tub'e' 149lis tightly fixed'. Thelatter is connectedbyannio'n l53'to a branch pipe 154 heated gases 'trom ithe reheater.

extending? from the main receiving the re- The heatdistrilzmtors are, as mentioned above," supported within'fthefbaking chamber by any suitable meansf'in; such amanner that ample intervals 'areleft, between the sides of the former and thefwalls of the latter for the passage oftheg'asesjiulnFig.1 the lower row 7 86' of heat distributors 'a-re supported on the floor of the baking'ch'arnber by blocks 155 made of heatins'ul'ating material, and the upperirow 85 together'withthe partition plate 64' o'n 'brackets l5r6 shown inFig. '24; The bracket 156 isriveted'with its winged upper part 157 to the supports l58 consisting of I- be'ams, T-irons 'orthe like, whichicarry the ceiling of thebaking chamber. The" downwardly-pointing main part 159 of the bracket has two arms -160'and 1'61 extending towards thejiniddle 0f the'baking -chamber. The

arms-160 are nearest tothe ceiling and carry the partition plate 64,and -the lower arms 161 support the-heat distributorz85.- Projections '162-provided at the sideiof bracket 15 6 pointingrtowardsthe side wall 6 T of the baking chamber rest' againstthe same',' th11s' contribntinfg'to :the stability of the structure:

{Fig 1 25." shows afdifferent arrangement for suppcrtingthe upper heat distributor" 85,-in "which the end plates-at the front and back crgazaezo not. thealzatterlzarez'providediiwith projections Lexi-lending itowardsithessirle walls oiithecbakiingzzchambemandirestmgron angle? ironsifixed i' horizoiitallyzthereou the figJIre'Ithe'J rO- 4 5 E jection: 163 isipro'vi'dedz atrtherfront: plate .94

eat thepoinhythere zthenflalrges 98 ioft thelzirons :92eane fixed ine'recesses 99:0fathe same,

' eandgi's supported on ithe ?'horizontal, =.leg of f tthe" angle Biron :164 i-rigidly eattached to the v side Wall :6, snf'ucient; space having "been; left 2between't the outstanding sedge of the gangle ,iron 164 andi'thets'idestiofzthe;heatidistributor {for the:freelmovement:therethrough10f the egzases; ilnsteadcof'itsingianglejrons: assup- I d5 g'pontsifthezprojectionsi68rof theadistributdr [maybe madefsomewhat longen andcarriedfon I .1the bottom =o'f recesses .1165 qarovided .Tin :the .sidemall-sfofith baking-chambergas shown in P I l V i320 'flPhe-heatdistributors niayralso we supr iportedein. recesses o'fzthe :side Walls of the ibaliing chamber 5 :by :the prolonged a-ends of ;I -sbeam$, {E -irons; angle 2 irons; channel irons (or the. likeiformingtthe' longitudinal; parts at v (than-framework. Anwexample l'S'FSllO'WIl in Fig. #16,- in 'Which-"the Tr-irons 513:3 rforniing part of; theifnamework of the. multiple heat rlistri baton-185; nerpresentetl in rFig. 18 project at: bothrends 1626 5 from: the: end platesandaare A rsupporteddnirecesses 167 ofitheg-sidenwallso -o .,-i'lhel ilitermittently Working. oven .de-

sscribed jabovefl-is ntightly biased during -;the

ha'kin*'g cope-ration. z-Eveny opening of the door; oft the; bakingechamben for charging and -mosphiere therein, andg if the :doorirem'ai us iopeny for-some I time, it NVlll be necessary to 7.45 during-baking :Izhave provided means to ;:prevent [these openings Efrem; having any damaging .-e1tect e011 the atmosphere Within stheihakingschamber' during its: circulation.

Fig.- 26: shoWs-;as-eXamp-lernfta eontinuous r5.0 oven,;in' whichqny inventionxi'si employed, 1a xetlzaytravelingwoven of wellelmo'wn' type,

which is I connnonlyeused {for baking bread. '"Hihes devices used ill 1 circulating and reheat- ;in-g the atmosphere-30f :the r chamber aantl [their :arnangement ftherein are mostly ssimilar toathose'describeddor the drawplate V the equivalent-main part-stand devices I f lujse'd in the former are thereforefdesi g'nated by-ithe saine numerals asthose inxFi-gsfYl-Ei 6 filluistnatingsthe latter. Y 7

o I Ihe frOntjvWalLZ of the oven is open 1 in 'its jlewer partQfor 3 the ;passage there throughof ,theiconveyer .carryingnthe articles to the baked y Lillie .chamber 51, which, by meansgoithisopening, s connected; to a small for echambe121168, in which the t1tays.;169 -'1'e- *volubly mounted .ona'the conveyer: chains 21'? 0 are loaded and unloaded. The conveyor chains il7O arun over five sprockets wheels 2171L17;5,'one ofwhich, 171, is:placed in .the fiiorechamber 168, while the other four 1112-1175 are locatediwithinthe .baking chani- =ber 1. These sprocket Wheels are so arranged thatithe conveyer :forms four flights 1'1'Z6;179. iTheagoodsto be baked enter the :baking :chamber .111 the first flight '176 eX- atending substantially in :ahorizontal direc- -tion from .the top vofithe; sprocket 171 t0 the obottomwof-sprocket 172, "and RIQZCiLIIiGCl'OIl athe. latter :upwards to the .second flight 177 extending horizontally I'f-rom the 'top of :spro-cketl'TQ'torthe'ibottoin of sprocket 173, then upwards again On-the :latter and horizontally through the thirdifiightilif extend- ;ingwfromithe top of'sprocket 117310 that'of "sprocket 174, then 'vertically downwards to :isp'rooket 17:5, and finally again horizontally through :the': last flight 17 9 extending from the bottoni fof sprocket 175 to the bottom of esproeket 1711 in the forechamber 168, 'Where athezreaclyrbakedagoods are'vremovedfrom the atrays and the i latterzreloaded. The' gaseous econtentszoi the baking chamber 11 are drawn -i'rom;thec-same by'meansof a'ifan 12, situxated: onitopzoftheifront' wall 2 of-the oven, ithroughrthe adjustable ou'tletsrl80, 181, 182 zand il-83zanda-the channel 18 connected'with rthesaniepand then driven by .the 'fan' to the :snperheater :17,- Where -they care reheated'to :the rrequired"temperature. 1 he superheater :17 -i s:heated=by the furnace 19,:"and both are :looated'in the ba'ck wall3 ofithe oven. The Waste combustion; gases F leave the furnace '19 -eat zits itopwthrough"the passage -21 to "the flue 22 connected tofiuesta'rranged' in the'top 10f the oven-for leading the :waste gasesfinally to; the chimney, andsorarranged and adapted iasito heatathectop of the baking chamber and itoaopreheat gases ledby pipes therethrough as described above for 'the drawplate oven.

:The rgases: reheated 'inthe: superheater 17 enterffrom its lowerpart intoi'thedisti'ibuting; duct 80;- a'nd are led from-i there through the1main:pipes%181-; and 185: andbranch pipes ;18.6" and 187 respectively connected'thereto (to =the-heat-distributors byimeans of which ithezbaking chamber 1' is heated' to and mainitainedpat :the proper "baking temperature. FwThe heat distributors are arranged in four .-superiniposed .rows 188,189, 190 and 191. The row 188, locatedunderneaththe trays onflight*1.76=carrying'the fresh goods into :the baking'c'hamber,fand at'some distance above the top: ofzthe-goods' on the last flight 1179,; must supply: the :largest amount of heat .and -:is therefore-shown as preferably comzposed ofdistributors connected with each "other. The other rows of distributors, 189

between flights 1.76 and 177, '190 between flights-1'57 and 17:8, andEl-Qlgsnpported on the I "bottom .5101 thebaking' chamber b elowflight ".179,-'consisteac-hof the: required numberio'f I I rthelslotthe, quantity of reheated; gases :forced therethrough, the whole Structure ibeing kep't in, place by I pressing ;the sides of1slot3199 [spaced separate heatdistributors Thef'open.space between the' bakin'g chamber: 1. "and the forechamber l68 is as far: as f possiblefclosediby three baflie plates192, 193 and'rl9i' fixed tothe outer surface ofthe sides 7' of, the i-ov eni front andfextending across-the whole width ofthebaking chamber 1. Bar- =fie plate-192 extendslfromthe lowest point of the upper partoffoven front-4 downwards -nearly to the tops ofthe articles entering the baking chamber on 'flight"176,.' and is :pro-' lvi-d'ed'infknown'manner with out-outs for the passage therethrough of the conveyer chains and. upper part; of the "hangers 169? carry- H ing the trays 169..;Bafile plate 193 extends with itsjupperedge,closely to the line along I which the bottoms of the trays169 travel'non .fiightQlTG, 'and-with its lower edge closely 'to the tops of the articies on conveyer flight 17 9, and isprovided with cut-outs like plate :192. .4 Baflle plate 194' eXt'endsfrom the bottom 5-01 the baking chamber. closely .to the line; along which the bottoms ofthe trays 169 on night 17 9- passi Though.- there .remains comparatively little space atlthe front of the shaking chamber 1 for the undue escapethere from of its gaseous contents and for penetraftionof the outside. atmosphere intothe same,-

it I is advisable to provide within the ,front opening of the baking chamber. special heat I.distributingftubes-adaptedfto direct over a Wide area covering theiiremaining open -spaces,a-, entle current of jthe reheated gases --into"thebakingchamber, thus eflecting that practically only the surplusofiits" gaseous contents is removed fromgthe baking chamber, I

' and the pressuretherein remains' equal tothat I I II I I I I I *vi'cesrnecessary for the application of 'm-yin of the outside atmosphere. T I

Figs. 27Fand 28- illustrate a specialheat -distributingg and directing tube answering the purpose'described, inthe previous paragra )h;.it'consists of awider tube 195, closed at its ends'bycaps 196 and 197 and extending )across thewhole widthof the baking chamher 1, and of the inner equalizing tube'198 ;having a considerably smaller diameter against the inner surface of the latter, tightly withitsflopen end in a suitable opening Lin cap 196 and provided with d-ulyarranged a [apertures,;so arranged and adapted as to than the surrounding outerv tube 195, placed equally spread Within tube .195 thereheated i g'asesvcoming through a branch their main supply pipe.

and influences the space between the-endele-1 ment of the row 188 of heat distributors, and the upwardly and inwardly inclinedtop of pipe fr-ol'n' against the outer "surfaces iofxthe endsof the side walls: 201;.by. screw bolts aoaypassm through. tube 195." .The side Walls 201are connectedat theirvendsby endwallsi205,both 7 being so shaped and arranged that*thelre- =heated gases. flowing therefrom icover the whole areato -be'eiiected thereby. f I;

[In Fig; 26;:the twoih distributing supply pipe '185, the upper J one, 206', through branch ipe..207 and the "lower olfi'e, 208, through 'branch -pipe' 2091' Thef fio'wdirecting channel of tube 206' is; turned upwardly the opening in front wall 2, a'nd that of'tube 208 is-di-rected sidewise and influences the space'between the trays on flight 179. and the bottoms of the heat distributing row'188.

'Thefor'echamber 168 is closed at its front and sides and provided in the usual way with the 'removallfrom the forechamber 168of the y hotsurplus gases enteringithe same from'the baking chamber, the hood 2 1O is provided atits highest point with an outlet flue -211 runcontrolled by a damper 212. I

I The principleof; construction of thefdevention and their I arrangement within the baking chamber or "indirect connection therewith are always substantially the same for every type of brake oven. The me'ansfor' circulating the gaseous contents of the baking chamber and the means for reheating them are preferably placedout'side the same, but are not bound to'their positions'as shown in the accompanying drawings, but may be located within or near any other parts of the oven-walls, as long as they attain the same.

effect; The medium heating the circulating gases while passing thro-ugh'the reheat'ermay consist of (fresh combustion gases produced by 'burning. in .afurnace gaseous, "liquid or solid fuel; of electricity or. of: any kind or Waste gases havinguthe required highf'telnl i 1; baking o en offthetypedescr bed, having in combination a [baking Chamber eater, openings in said baking'jchamben; a

system of tubes connectin'g'the said jopenings with the inlet of said-fan and soadapted fend horizontally fdisposed therein, fa 'fan, fa: 'redirecting tubes' of the type shown receivethe rheated gases requiredat the end'ofmain I 'n'mg upwardly along the oven i front 2 m arranged that a portion of the gaseous contents of said baking chamber is continuously withdrawn therefrom evenly from all parts thereof, a tube connecting the discharging aperture of said .tan to -the inlet offsaid revheater. a main connected to the outlet or said ter into said bakingchamber. the spreading areas of these'plates being'of such a size,

T and. the said heat distributors themselves being arranged in regard to the articles be- 1ng baked in such a manner, that the latter are evenly heated to the required temperature, and a system of branch tubes connectving the sai'd'main to the said heat distributors, t I p 2' A baking oven of theftype' described hav ng in combination an elongatedbaking cham-b'er'e-nclosed therein, supports provided in saidbaking chamber'for the articles to be I baked,'a plurality of spaced outlets arranged Iongitudinallyin'the ceiling of said baking 7 chamber, a reheater arrangedat one end of saidibal'zing chamber, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said baking, chamber drawn from said outlets throughsaid reh eater,"a main connected to the latter for carrying the reheated gases back tosaid bak- 7 ing chamber, jtr butors-for spreading the reheated, gases two rows ofseparate heat disin the latter, one rowbeing-located between 'the tops of the articles being baked and the (ceiling of said bakifigchambenand the'other one between the bottom of the latter and the "said supports, branch pipeseXtending from said ;m'ain,and connecting the latter with said heat distributors, and means provided in said branch pipes for controllingthe plate rigidly the same.

' and. the walls quantityof reheated gases passing through 3. baking oven of the type described havlng in combination a baking chamber, a

between the side andend edges of said plate of said baking chamber for the free passage of gases between'the spaces "justable outlets provided in the ceiling of said/chamber, a channel longitudinally arrangedin the top of the oven',.joined by sepa- 4 rate tubes to said outlets, closed at one end and connected at its other-end tothe inlet of said fan, areheater, connected at itsinlet' to the outlet of saidffam a main extending from theoutlet'of'said lreheater, heatdis- .tributors arranged Within said baking chamber in close reheated gases from said "main to said heat fixed at some: distance from the ceiling" of the latter, intervals being left proximity to the goods being and branch pipes'leading the distributor spreading them widely and evenly over the surfaces of the goods being baked.

'4. A baking oven of the type described having in combination a baking chamber, a plurality of I-beams, carrying on its upper flanges the ceiling of said baking chamber, plates tired to the bottom flanges of said I- beams, intervals provided between the end edges of said plates and the side walls of said baking chamber, and between the end Walls of the latter and the side edges nearest to the same of those of said plates located at the ends of said baking chamber, adjustable outlets, oneprovided in each of the compartments formed by the said I-beams andplates and the ceiling and side walls of said baking chamber, a fan, a channel arranged in the top of said'baking chamber, joined by separate tubes to said outlets, closed at one end and connected at the other end to the inlet of said fan, a reheater connected at its inlet to the outlet of the latter, and a main leading the reheated gases from the outlet of said reheater back into said baking chamber. 7 y

5. A baking oven of the type described having in combination a baking chamber, a support therein for the articles being baked, two rows of separate heat distributors, one arranged above the tops of the articles being baked, and the other one below the support of the same, a fan, an outlet arranged in the ceiling of said baking chamber and conmains and connected to alternate heat dis- 3 tributorsfbelonging to alternate rows, and

means provided in each branch pipe for controlling the quantity of reheated gases passing into the heat distributor belonging thereto. t c

6. A baking oven of the type described having in combination, a baking chamber, a reheater located outside at one end of said baking chamber, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said baking chamber, located outside at the opposite end of the latter, a channel extending along the longitudinal middle line of the top of said baking chamber and connected by branches to said baking chamber and at one end to the inlet of said circulating means, the other end being closed, a tube connecting the discharge end'of the latter with the inlet of said re heater, gaseous means of sufiiciently high temperature to reheat the circulatinggases in the'latt'er, the used wastegases leaving at its top, a channel for collecting the same extending across the whole width of the baking chamberin the top of the oven, two fiu es extending from the said flue longitudinally pipes, each connecting one of said heat distributors with said main, an opening in one having in combination a baking chamber, a

reheater, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said 'baking chamber through said reheater, av main connected to the outlet of the latter, a box-shaped heat distributor located in said baking chamber and con- 1 sisting of two parallel channel irons, their flanges being aligned and facing each other, of two plates tightly fixed between the said channelirons so as to close their channels, the side edges of these plates being level with the outer surfaces of the corresponding flanges of said channel irons, of an imperforate plate fixed to one set of aligned flanges of said channel irons and to those edges level therewith of said plates, and of a spreading plate fixed to such oppositeflanges and side edges, a branch pipe leading the reheated gasesfrom said. main into said heat distributor, and an opening provided in one of said end plates thereof adapted for the said branch pipe to betightly-fixed therein.

14L. baking oven of the type described having in combination a baking chamber, a

reheater, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said baking chamber through said, reheater, a main connected to the outlet-of the latter, a multiplezheat distributor located in said baking chamber, consisting of a number of independent elements, and

' -conip'osed of a plurality of parallel I-beams forming the side walls of the intermediate elements and one side wall of the two end elements, of two channelirons parallel thereto and forming the outer side walls of the end elements, the flanges of the I-bea-ms and channel 1I011S being aligned, of end plates closing the two ends of the'I-beams and channel irons thus arranged, their side edgesbeing level. with the flanges of the same, of

ments of said multiple heat distributor, an

opening being provided in one end plate of each element of thesame for the said branch pipes to be tightly fixed therein; I

(15. A baking oven of the type described having in combination a'baking chamber, a

reheater, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said'baking chamber through said reheater a main connected to the outlet of the" latter, a box-shaped heat distributor. 1ocated'in said baking chamber andconsisting of a curved trough-shaped bottom plate, of

two' angle irons,fixed with the downwardly point-ing legs to the upright "end parts of the sides of said curved bottom plate,'of a spreading plate fixed to the sidewise pointing legs of said angle irons, and of two end platesclosing the ends of the trough-like channelformed by said bottom plate and'said spreading plate, a branch pipe leading the reheated gases'from said main into said heat distributor, "and an opening provided in one of the end plates thereof adapted for the said bran'ch pipe to be tightly fixed in.

16. "A baking oven of the type described havingin combination a baking chamber, a

" reheater, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said baking chamber through said reheater, a main connected to the outlet of the latter, a lmultiple heat distributor 0011- sisting of a numuer of independent elements and composed of a plurality of curved trough-like bottom plates flanged at'the ends of their sides and placed lengthwise closely together, of steel Ts, to the flanges of which theflanges of adjacent bottom plates are fixed, of two angle irons, to the outwardly pointing legs of which the outer flanges of the bottom plates forming the ends of the structure are fixed, of spreading plates fixed over the flangts of these bottom plates on the afore-mentioned steel Ts and angle irons, and of end plates closing the open ends of the troughs thus formed, branch pipes leading thereheated gases from said main to the elements of said multiple heat distributor, and openings provided in one of the end plates of the elements of the same for the said branch pipes to be tightly fixed in.

17. A bakingoven of the type described having in combination a baking chamber, a conveyer carrying the goods to be baked throu h said baking chamber, an opening in an en wall of the latter for those flights of.

said conveyer passing through said opening to be charged and discharged, baflle plates arranged in this opening, one extending from the top of said opening closely to the tops of the goods on the upper flight, and a second one extending between the latter and the tops of the goods on the lower flight of'said con-' veyer, and a heat distributing tube directing a current of reheated gases against remaining uncovered intervals in said opening so as to counteract the tendency of the hot gases within said baking chamber to escape therethrough to the outside atmosphere.

18. A baking oven of the type described having in combination a baking chamber, a reheater, means for circulating the gaseous contents of said baking chamber through said reheater, a main connected to the outlet of the latter, a heat distributing tube extending across said baking chamber and closed at both I -ww -ends,afs10t xtendi ng' thi'oughout the'leng'thf ff e :01? saidLt-ube,anopeni ig provided. at one end 7 r roi theflatter -abranch pipe connecting the V e saidjr'nain with said 0pening,-atube of smaller V 5 ,diameier than saidheat distributing tube, 'ei'mnged'w'ithinthe. lattet-opposite'to Said e- Slofieonhected to that end f saidbra nch'pipe V Iprpjecting into said heat distributing tube V e I V ejh dprovidedwithiperfomtions sqadapied and arranged as to spread'the reheated I gases 7 -1is suingxtherefrom evenly throughout the-laip- .Ptexflgand a flow directing channel consisting I :ofgtWo oppositep'letesaslong as'said slot andigfixed therein with "their spaced ends 1 their opposite ends being arranged at a; dis- 1 tanej efrom' each ethervcorresponding tothe ,Width 0f ithe'area tqbe heated by saidrtub'e, and of two "end lates fixed to the "ends .of V I theirsides, the channel thu formed having 539 a cross;section likethabof afifu melu 5 I LOUIS- H E REE E 1 

